English: Aurangzeb holds court, as painted by (perhaps) Bichitr; Shaistah Khan stands behind Prince Muhammad Azam (Photo credit: Wikipedia)[/caption]Prince Azim-ush-Shan (December 15, 1664 - March 18, 1712) was the third son of Mughal emperor Bahadur Shah I, by his second wife, Maharajkumari Amrita Bai Sahiba. He was also the grandson of emperor Aurangzeb, during whose reign, he was the subedar (viceroy) of Bengal Subah, Bihar and Orissa from 1697 to his death in 1712, at the age of 47.
Reign
In 1697 he was appointed the viceroy of Bengal, Bihar and Orissa by emperor Aurangzeb.Shortly after, he took successful military initiative against Rahim Khan. Azim gave East India Company permission to build Fort William in Calcutta. Using Mughal permission, Dutch also built Fort Gustavas inChinsura and French built Fort Orleans in Chandernagore.
Azim got into conflict with Murshid Quli Khan, the newly appointed Nawab of Bengal, over imperial financial control. Considering the complaint ofMurshid Quli Khan, emperor Aurangzeb ordered Azim to move to Bihar.In 1703 he transferred the capital to Rajmahal and then again to Pataliputra(present-day Patna). He renamed Pataliputra to Azimabad after his own name.
In 1712, at the time of his father's death, he immediately proclaimed himself emperor. However, he was killed (drowned in the Ravi River) shortly afterwards in the succession struggles that ensued.
Source
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